The erosive effect of various drinks, foods, stimulants, medications and mouthwashes on human tooth enamel

(incl. tables)

Abstract

Two forms of non-carious dental disorder - ero- sive tooth hard tissue loss and dental erosion - have been increasingly observed in recent years. Dental erosion is the chemical loss of dental hard substances caused by exposure to acids not de- rived from oral bacteria. Mechanical forces from, for example, the tongue, the cheeks or tooth- brushing, increase loss of partly demineralized tooth surfaces and the cumulative loss of dental hard tissue is defined as erosive tooth wear (ETW). Dental hard tissue losses that occur be- cause of very frequent acid exposure, such as through increased vomiting, but without me- chanical stress, are also assigned to tooth erosion. Without prior softening, practically no loss of enamel takes place due to abrasion with the modern Western diet. The present work is a con- tinuation of earlier work. A total of 226 beverag-es, foods, stimulants as well as medicines and mouthwashes were tested for their erosive po- tential on premolars and deciduous molars covered with a human pellicle. The influence of temperature, phosphate and calcium was also investigated in additional experiments. The change in hardness before and after immersion in the respective test substance was measured, and the erosive potential was classified. For each test product, we determined pH and other properties which were possibly related to erosive potential. There were considerable and sometimes surpris- ing differences between the tested products. The addition of phosphate did not influence the ero- sive potential of the liquids, but calcium did. A modified erosion scheme that incorporates these and other new findings is presented.